| ction | | | | common occurrence among online users with a large |
| There is considerable evidence to show that e | | | | percentage of them focusing their energy and |
| commerce is the face of the future for numerous | | | | attention on the issues that derail them from the |
| businesses around the world. Consequently, Purple | | | | actual product. (Gray, 2007)Additionally, these online |
| book stores are preparing to share in the success | | | | books create an atmosphere in which young people |
| and benefits that come with online selling. A company | | | | prefer reading unedited information rather that the |
| such as has paved the way for online book selling | | | | intricately edited published material that comes in the |
| thus illustrating that online selling provides a lucrative | | | | form of online books. |
| source of competitive advantage in the industry. | | | | 16) What concerns you the most about the usability |
| (Gray, 2007) | | | | of online bookskThey are difficult to format k They |
| The major problem that the research intends to | | | | cannot be transportedk It takes too long to |
| tackle is assessment of the feasibility of online book | | | | download kThe available formats are incompatible |
| selling. Online book selling is an issue that has recently | | | | with my PC k None of the above |
| been considered by some book stores. Therefore, | | | | There have been a number of complaints about the |
| the dynamics of this industry are not fully | | | | current version of online books that could be |
| understood. It would be prudent to conduct | | | | affecting buying behavior. Most users assert that a |
| consumer research in order to determine how this | | | | number of books are available in the DRM format yet |
| relatively new industry works so as to enter into the | | | | the books are meant to be used in web version 2.0. |
| business. | | | | This makes it extremely difficult to use the |
| The research objectives are as follows | | | | commodity and consequently, discourages buyers |
| 1) To investigate the size of demand for online | | | | from purchasing the items. Additionally, other |
| books | | | | consumers feel that when online books have certain |
| 2) To assess the potential of online business | | | | features such as equations, it may be difficult to |
| 3) To assess the behavior patterns of online | | | | magnify (zoom) them or it may be difficult to allow |
| shoppers | | | | users to view them properly. |
| The first research objective is to investigate the size | | | | Consequently, most of them may get discouraged |
| of demand for online books. This is essential in solving | | | | and go for printed alternatives. In other scenarios, |
| the research problem because it will determine | | | | readers may want to do some reading in |
| whether people are actually buying the books and will | | | | unconventional places and this so not possible with |
| therefore determine the overall success of the | | | | online versions of books which rely on availability of a |
| venture as soon as it commences. The second | | | | computer. (Gray, 2007) Consequently, readers looking |
| research objective is to assess the potential of online | | | | for flexibility may be promoted to use another form |
| business. Since e-commerce is emerging as a major | | | | of a book. All the multiple choices will reflect the |
| possibility in business, it is essential to ascertain | | | | buying behavior of the consumer and will therefore |
| whether there are any possibilities for the future of | | | | contribute towards answering research objective |
| this business approach. The last research objective is | | | | three (determining behavior patterns of online |
| to assess the behavior patterns of online shoppers. | | | | shoppers) |
| This is essential to Purple book stores because the | | | | 17) What features do you like most in online |
| company can then use the information to map out | | | | bookskThey allow formattingk They provide |
| their distributional, promotional and product design | | | | opportunities to interact kOne can search for |
| strategies. | | | | information using search words kone places the book |
| The research will cover a number of issues some of | | | | in wider academic context kone can determine which |
| which will be severely constrained by the budget. | | | | other readers are accessing the book at any one |
| First of all, resources will be used in analyzing what | | | | timek None of the above |
| the potential participants for the survey will be. | | | | It is essential to determine the kind of features that |
| Resources will go into creating questionnaires for all | | | | draw consumers into the online book industry |
| the participants yet the sample size will be quite large. | | | | because through that, then one can assess buyer |
| Additionally, much attention has to be placed in the | | | | behavior. (research objective three)This will be |
| distribution of the questionnaires and this will involve | | | | essential in mapping out promotional or marketing |
| transportation, incentives and communication | | | | strategies for purple book once they go online. The |
| between the respondents and the researcher. The | | | | company will be able to take advantage of the |
| process of analysis will employ the use of certain | | | | knowledge obtained from the research to meet the |
| software that will need to be accounted for in the | | | | precise needs of their consumers. |
| budget. The issue of time will also need to be | | | | 18) What type of books do you read online?kScience |
| included in the survey owing to the fact that a large | | | | fiction kRomance novels kMotivational books k |
| number of respondents need to be reached and the | | | | Prescribed school texts kBiographies kScientific books |
| questionnaire is quite long; this will affect the nature | | | | (genetics, zoology, industrial chemistry etc) kBooks |
| of questionnaire used. | | | | on the arts (law, social sciences, political sciences) k |
| Questionnaire development | | | | None |
| As it has been stated earlier, the purpose of the | | | | The latter question is essential in assessing buying |
| questionnaire is to assess the demand for online | | | | behavior for online books. This will be instrumental in |
| books, the potential for online business and the | | | | the research because it will answer research |
| behavioral patterns for online book purchasers. These | | | | objective three and will consequently provide Purple |
| research objectives will be addressed through a total | | | | book store with detailed knowledge about the kind |
| of twenty questions. The latter questions will be | | | | of books they need to stock once they choose to |
| tailored towards achieving the research objectives. | | | | go online. (Gray, 2007) |
| Consequently, each will be related to the research | | | | 19) Would you read for fun online?kYes k No k Not |
| objectives. | | | | sure |
| Size of demand for online books | | | | Certain reports indicate that the reading culture has |
| 1) Have you ever read an online book?kYes kNo | | | | changed dramatically after the technological era. |
| kNot sure | | | | These reports assert that the reading culture has |
| While a large number of respondents may be | | | | been affected because now young people can |
| exposed to the internet, some of them use it to | | | | actually consider reading a fun activity. This question |
| send emails, chat with friends, view magazines and | | | | will be essential in determining what the major |
| interactive forums. (Gray, 2007) | | | | influences are in the online book selling business. In |
| Consequently, it is essential to find out whether | | | | other words, they will be essential in ascertaining |
| people actually read online books in light of all these | | | | whether people actually read books because of the |
| other alternatives because the answers to this | | | | same reasons. This will go a long way in |
| question will be a direct response to the first | | | | understanding buying behavior thus achieving research |
| research objective which is to determine the size of | | | | objective three (assessing behavior patterns of online |
| demand for online books. If a large percentage of | | | | consumers) |
| participants respond in the affirmative, then it will | | | | 20) Do you think online books offer flexibility as a |
| imply that there is a large demand for the | | | | desirable trait?kYes k No k Not sure |
| commodity and that Purple book stores can proceed | | | | This question will provide an avenue to assessing |
| with the venture. | | | | what the potential reasons for purchasing online |
| 2) How often do you read an online book?kdaily | | | | books are for the respective clients. This will reflect |
| kweekly k monthly k annually k after more than one | | | | upon their buying behavior and will therefore answer |
| year k never | | | | research objective three. In so doing, purple store will |
| The frequency with which people read online books | | | | have a basis for setting up their business. |
| will also be a direct reflection of the size of demand | | | | Sampling method |
| for online books hence a direct method of answering | | | | A sample is a representative group of the population |
| research objective one. (Gray, 2007)If the | | | | to be involved in the research. For this particular |
| respondents read online books frequently, then they | | | | scenario, a sample is necessary in order to minimize |
| could be buying the books frequently thus indicating | | | | time and resource wastage. This would not have |
| that there is a high demand for the product. | | | | been possible if everyone in the target population |
| 3) When was the last time you purchased an online | | | | was involved in the actual research. |
| bookk a week ago ka month ago kthree months ago | | | | The first step in questionnaire sampling is determining |
| ksix months ago ka year ago kover a year ago k | | | | the goals of the research. These have already been |
| never | | | | stated in the latter sections of the report. The next |
| The question will contribute towards research | | | | step is determining the target population. The target |
| objective one by determining the precise time that | | | | population may sometimes be referred to as the kind |
| respondents bought online books. Together with | | | | of people who will be involved in the survey. |
| question two, it will be possible to assess the | | | | For this particular research, the overall objective of |
| frequency of purchase hence demand. | | | | the research is to determine the feasibility of setting |
| 4) Do you dedicate more time to print books than | | | | up an online book selling store. Consequently, it would |
| online bookskYes k No kNot sure | | | | be favorable to involve a target population that |
| Print books are the most direct form of competition | | | | accommodates this research objective. However, |
| for online books. Consequently when respondents | | | | there are instances in which one may select a sample |
| purchase more of these, then chances are that they | | | | that is self selective, for instance, if the |
| are more likely to disregard online books. In other | | | | questionnaires only considered a target population |
| words, an assessment of demand for competing | | | | made up of people who have subscribed for |
| products will go a long way in determining the actual | | | | e-books, then the research would be biased. This |
| demand for the actual product which is an online | | | | group would be self selective and would therefore |
| book. | | | | not be sufficient enough to give valid results. |
| 5) Do you have a favorite online storekYes k No | | | | Additionally, choosing a target population made up of |
| kNot sure | | | | people who have membership in real libraries may |
| This question will assist in determining the size of | | | | also create bias because such persons are also self |
| demand for online books owing to the fact that | | | | selective. (Leung, 2001) |
| consumers with a favorite store will most likely be | | | | This research wants to include both online shoppers |
| devoted online readers. If a large percentage | | | | and non online shoppers. This is because in order to |
| responds positively to this question, then purple store | | | | determine the demand for online books, then it would |
| will have higher chances of selling their commodities | | | | be necessary to consider those who have used |
| online than if they were selling only the tangible | | | | online purchasing and those who have not. |
| products in a store. | | | | Additionally, the research should include different |
| 6) Would you purchase books from a new online | | | | types of readers in order to obtain a fair |
| book storekYes k No kNot sure | | | | representation of both online readers and print |
| In conjunction with question five, this question will | | | | version readers. In other words, the target population |
| contribute towards research objective one because it | | | | is not a clear cut one. It is difficult to trace persons |
| reflects the degree of loyalty of online purchasers. | | | | who use online purchasing services, online books, print |
| Consequently, it would be essential in determining the | | | | books, tangible book stores all in one location. The |
| overall demand for the commodity through a | | | | most accurate depiction of such a mixed group would |
| quantitative analysis of the answers. | | | | be a collection of random users. These can be all the |
| 7) What are your concerns about online book | | | | people listed in the state’s telephone directory. |
| sellingkCredit card fraudk it does not provide real | | | | This will reflect the views of almost all the potential |
| objects kToo distractive k would ruin the book | | | | Purple store consumers. All the users within the list |
| industryk no concerns | | | | will have an equal chance of being chosen for the |
| In order to determine the size of demand for online | | | | respective questionnaire. |
| books (research objective one), it is essential to find | | | | After choosing the target population, it is then |
| out some of the deterrents to online selling. If | | | | necessary to determine the actual number of people |
| respondents choose no concerns as the most | | | | who will take part in the questionnaire. In other |
| common option then demand will be high. However, if | | | | words, this will be the sample size. (Teisman et al, |
| they choose other responses, then demand may be | | | | 2004) |
| low. (Gray, 2007)This question will assist Purple book | | | | Since the target population will be quite large, then it |
| store in the process of creating a business strategy | | | | would be favorable to also have a large sample size |
| based on the responses given. | | | | to increase the accuracy of the results. Experts |
| 8) Do you think digital books are less profitable than | | | | assert that sampling errors increase with sampling |
| printed books to book sellers?kYes k No kNot sure | | | | size, consequently, the bigger the size the lower the |
| There have been rising concerns that the music | | | | error. Other issues need to be considered before |
| industry has been destroyed by online selling. Because | | | | coming up with the most appropriate size. For |
| of the cheap accessibility of music CDs online, most | | | | instance, since the questions in the questionnaire are |
| entertainment companies are making a little as ninety | | | | closed, then responses will not vary tremendously |
| nine cents on each item. These entrepreneurs have | | | | and it can be easy to conduct a quantitative analysis |
| reported exceptionally low profit margins thus ruining | | | | even with large sample sizes. |
| business for them. If Purple store was to go online, | | | | However, data will be matched into smaller |
| they need to consider some of the possible problem | | | | sub-groupings in order to come up with meaningful |
| that may arise in the future. If these low profit | | | | conclusions on the research objectives. Consequently, |
| margins have been reported in the music industry, | | | | it will be necessary to determine which samples will |
| then the same thing may happen to the book | | | | result in high confidence levels. This will be done |
| industry thus affecting the potential of the business | | | | through the following chart. |
| in the future (research objective two). | | | | The chart is generated by first determining the level |
| 9) Do you think online books will contribute towards | | | | of sampling error that can be tolerated in the |
| establishing a reading culture?kYes kNo kNot sure | | | | research. In this case, the sampling errors chosen |
| The latter questions will be an essential method of | | | | were + or — 5% and + or — 10%. In |
| predicting the potential of online business (research | | | | other words, ninety percent or ninety five percent of |
| objective two). Some experts argue that reading | | | | the time, the results of the survey will represent the |
| books online is quite difficult owing to the numerous | | | | opinions of the overall target population. Thereafter, |
| distractions that come with videos, pictures and | | | | it is necessary to start determining sample sizes and |
| blogs. (Gray, 2007) As a result, many online readers | | | | confidence levels for different population sizes. It |
| flip from one page to the other without really | | | | should be noted that population sizes are the fixed |
| absorbing the full message of the book that they are | | | | amounts i.e. either 100, 1000, 5000 or any number |
| trying to read. If this practice continues for years, | | | | while the sample size and confidence level are |
| then such young readers may not develop sound | | | | variables. |
| reading cultures. The issue of a reading culture is | | | | The point at which the sample size of a particular |
| essential in assessing the potential of the online | | | | population corresponds to the required confidence |
| business because if the nature of the commodity | | | | level which is 95%, would be the most appropriate |
| distracts consumers from fully appreciating its | | | | sample size, in this case, in order to achieve a |
| purpose, then it may stop them from understanding | | | | confidence level of ninety five percent, then a |
| its usefulness. The overall result is that most people | | | | sample size of 387 will be needed. This is on condition |
| may not be interested in books some fifty years | | | | that the number of people within the target |
| from today. This could be very detrimental to the | | | | population is five thousand. If they are higher than |
| potential of the business. | | | | this number, then a bigger sampling size will need to |
| 10) Do you think that online book publishers are | | | | be chosen depending on the calculations made. |
| responding to your demand for books?kYesk No | | | | Population size 5% error 10% error |
| kNot Sure | | | | 100 80 49 |
| Many publishing companies have not been responsive | | | | 200 150 67 |
| about the availability of their books online. While other | | | | 500 217 81 |
| industries have been rushing towards online business, | | | | 1000 278 88 |
| book makers have been doing the opposite. Most of | | | | 5000 357 95 |
| them are stepping up their copyright laws and | | | | The method of sampling chosen for this particular |
| intellectual property laws. Publishers are yet to warm | | | | research is simple random sampling. This is the type |
| up to this kind of business approach. This question is | | | | of sampling in which the chances of getting a |
| crucial to answering research objective two i.e. | | | | representative are equally distributed. (Leung, 2001) |
| potential of online book selling. Publishers are the | | | | In this regard, the members that will participate in the |
| major suppliers of books to any book store. | | | | survey will be determined by random numbers that |
| Consequently, when they have not embraced the | | | | have been laid out in a computer. This particular |
| issue of online selling, then they may not cooperate | | | | method was chosen for the research because it is a |
| with online retailers such as Purple store. (Gray, 2007) | | | | form of probability sampling. The major advantage |
| Purple store needs to know whether there is a | | | | with this method of sampling is that there are minimal |
| future in this industry by analyzing the behavior | | | | biases. Since the sample selection is done through |
| patterns of their suppliers; the publishers. (Research | | | | random numbers on a computer, then there are no |
| objective two) | | | | interferences by external parties and participants |
| 11) Are online books more applicable now than print | | | | have high chances of representing the actual target |
| versions?kYesk No kNot Sure | | | | population. |
| This issue will reflect on the potential of the book | | | | Simple random sampling is less susceptible to bias |
| selling industry because it will indicate whether the | | | | than stratified sampling. Stratified sampling is normally |
| respondents believe in online books more than the | | | | done by taking parts of the target population with |
| available versions and this can then be projected into | | | | simple characteristics and then choosing random |
| the future. (Research objective two) | | | | samples from each sub group. This kind of sampling |
| 12) Where do you see online books twenty years | | | | technique would not have been wise in this case |
| from now?kBeing the most lucrative business | | | | because it would interfere with the some of the |
| approach for selling books k It will perform | | | | research objectives. For instance, one of the |
| moderately well compared to other modes of selling | | | | objectives is to determine the size of the demand |
| booksk It will not be an important approach to selling | | | | for online books. This can only be possible when all |
| books | | | | members of the target populations are equally |
| This question will assess consumer’s views | | | | represented and not when they are divided into |
| about the potential of online book selling hence | | | | groups. |
| achieving research objective two. | | | | Additionally, this research did not employ another |
| 13) Would you read books from a digital librarykYes | | | | technique such as snowball sampling. In snowball |
| kNo kNot sure | | | | sampling, participants are usually requested to give |
| The latter question will be important in assessing the | | | | the names of other people they know who would |
| behavior patterns of online shoppers. Through this | | | | take part in the survey. |
| question, it will be possible to answer research | | | | This heavily biases the outcome because it is likely |
| objective three because it will be possible to assess | | | | that one’s friends usually hold the same |
| the style that online readers use to access books | | | | opinions as the original respondent. Also, convenience |
| online. (Gray, 2007) Digital libraries normally offer the | | | | sampling was not chosen for this particular research |
| same features that actual book stores offer such as | | | | because it is one of the sampling techniques that lead |
| borrowing books, bookmarking, purchasing books | | | | to high sampling errors. If this research was to |
| among others, it is necessary to determine whether | | | | employ convenience sampling, then respondents |
| there are a number of people who would go for the | | | | would all come from a certain bookstore or they |
| idea. Additionally, this also represents the potential of | | | | would simply be internet users. This would heavily |
| online business because through scanning book pages | | | | bias the results because most of the respondents |
| and making them available though digital libraries, a | | | | would indicate that they purchase online books yet |
| wide array of consumers can be reached. | | | | this may not necessarily be the case in the real world. |
| 14) Do you think print books are old news?kYes kNo | | | | (Teisman et al, 2004) |
| kNot sure | | | | Quota sampling is also another alternative. Here, |
| This question is essential in answering research | | | | persons chosen for the survey are the ones that |
| objective three which seeks to find out the behavior | | | | closely match the target population as much as |
| patterns of online shoppers. Through this question, | | | | possible. Usually, a certain category of people may be |
| one can ascertain whether or not online books are | | | | found in the target population. Consequently, the |
| considered the new wave in the book industry or | | | | same number may be sought continuously in the |
| whether consumer patterns are geared towards | | | | sampling strategy until it has been found. However, |
| another direction. | | | | this kind of criteria does not suit the research |
| 15) What do you prefer doing online?kWatching a | | | | because no particular demographics were being |
| You Tube video on a book k reading a book online | | | | sought in the process. |
| kviewing blogs on certain book topics kNone of the | | | | Conclusion |
| above | | | | The major objective of the research was to find out |
| A number of experts claim that most people using | | | | whether online book selling is feasible. The research |
| the internet are more interested in using blogs or | | | | questions were designed in a manner that would |
| watching videos about certain books rather than | | | | achieve this overall objective. Simple random sampling |
| actually reading them online. The responses to this | | | | was chosen as the sample selection technique |
| question could be essential in determining the overall | | | | because it would ascertain an unbiased sample and it |
| potential of online book selling because it will be an | | | | was also compatible with the research objectives. |
| avenue for determining competition for the | | | | References |
| commodity. This will go a long way in ascertaining | | | | Gray, J. (2007): The E-book journey-Current paths |
| whether people will actually buy the commodity given | | | | and future roads, Springer Publishers, p 46-98 |
| the fact that there are others products that | | | | Leung, W. (2001): How to conduct a survey; Student |
| compete directly with online books. | | | | BMJ, 9, 12, 143-145 |
| It has also been asserted by a number of reading | | | | Teisman, L. |
| experts that online blogs have become such a | | | | |